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Auer Rod

Though named from American physiologist in 1906, John Auer, Auer rod is first described by Canadian physician, Thomas McCrae in 1905 at John Hopkins Hospital. Both mistakenly thought that these cells containing rods were lymphoblasts. Auer rods are crystalline cytoplasmic inclusion bodies composed of fused lysosomes, azurophilic granules, and rich in lysosomal enzymes.

Although often seen in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), they are NOT pathognomonic of myelocytic leukemia. They can be seen in high-grade myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other myeloproliferative disorders. Rarely, they may also be seen in non-malignant disorder such as in Typhoid Fever, as described in a journal published in 2016. Turk J Haematol. 2016 Jun; 33(2): 167. “Auer Rod in a Neutrophil in a Nonmalignant Condition”. Harish Chandra, et.al. Why Auer rods appear in these conditions still remain unknown.

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